A Guide to the Bible by Fuentes (Four Courts Press),
Sharing Our Biblical Story by Russell for background information. Quotations from The Faith of the Early Fathers (3 volumes) by Jergens and Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture (many volumes) edited by Odum.
This week’s study is on Matthew, chapter 11, verses 25-30, the Gospel reading for Sunday, July 9th, 2023, The Fourteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time – Cycle A.
God’s holy prophets promised the fulfillment of the eternal covenant Yahweh made with the House of David in the promised coming of a Davidic Messiah whose rule was to extend over all nations.
In our reading, Zechariah gives an oracle prophesying the future triumphant appearance of the humble Messianic king as He enters Jerusalem. He will not come as a conquering warrior riding in a chariot or on a warhorse. Instead, he will come in peace, meekly riding on the colt of an ass. Each of the Gospel writers takes up this prophetic description of the Messiah entering Jerusalem and proclaims its fulfillment in Jesus’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday. They either directly quote the Zechariah passage or relate how Jesus rode into the city as described in the prophecy (Mt 21:1-5; Mk 11:1-10; Lk 19:29-38; Jn 12:15). Jesus is the humble Davidic Messiah prophesied by Zechariah. He is the blessed One promised by the psalmist who comes in the “name of the Lord” (Ps 118:26) to establish peace (Zec 9:10a) and whose dominion will be over all nations and peoples of the earth (Zec 9:10b; also see Dan 7:14).
In the Second Reading, St. Paul writes that Jesus’ “Law of love” gives the promise of a new spiritual life. Unlike life in the flesh, “life in the spirit” promises an eternal “rest” in fellowship with God. It is a guarantee of spiritual life that has a present and future reality. However, by living in the Spirit of Christ, Christians can look forward to being alive in the future in a way that makes the present reality a pale counterfeit kind of living.
In the Gospel reading, Jesus offers a prayer of praise to God the Father and an invitation to humanity to take up His gentle yoke to find “rest” in Him. Jesus fulfilled Zechariah’s vision of the Davidic Messianic King when He rode into the city of Jerusalem on Palm Sunday (Gospel Reading). The crowds recognized the Messianic significance of Jesus of Nazareth riding into the holy city just as the prophet Zechariah described and called out to Him, “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, even the king of Israel” (Jn 12:13; also Lk 19:38).Jesus was meek and humble, like Moses (Num 12:3; Mt 11:29). Moses brought the Law of God to the covenant people of Israel, and Jesus is the new Lawgiver, bringing a new Kingdom and a new Law of love that is an easier burden for the people to bear than the rigid commands the Israelites carried under the yoke of the old Mosaic Law. But Jesus is not only the new Moses; he is also the new David, the promised anointed king of an eternal covenant. In the sacrifice of the Mass, like the crowd on Palm Sunday, we also call out “Hosanna/Save us, to God in the highest,” as we acknowledge Jesus as our Savior and eternal King.
Only one other prophet in the Old Testament is called “meek,” and that is Moses (Num 12:3). Jesus is not only the new Moses, but He is the one who is greater than Moses. Moses was God’s friend (Ex 34:12, 17), but Jesus is the Son of God (Mt 3:17). Jesus’ invitation to bear His “yoke” recalls one of the reoccurring images of the Old Testament prophets for the people in covenant union with God: the image of domesticated animals. Domesticated animals like oxen either respond obediently or resist the “yoke” of their master, just as the covenant people either respond in obedience to the commands of Yahweh or stubbornly resist (see the complete chart “Symbolic Images of the Old Testament Prophets” in the chart section).
Image
Part I Covenant relationship
Part II Rebellion
Part III Redemptive Judgment
Part IV Restoration Fulfilled
Animals
Domesticated animals obedient to the Master’s yoke
Resist the yoke; run away and become wild
Ravaged by wild beasts/birds of prey
Rescued by their Master
Examples in Scripture
Mic 4:13; Is 40:10-11; 65:25; Ez 34:15-16
Ex 32:9; 33:3, 5; 34:9; Dt 9:6, 13; Is 50:6; 53:6; Jer 5:5d-6; 8:6b-7; 23:1-2; Ez 19:1-9